Miras-e Iran Zamin

fa مطالعه ای بر ساختار و نقش پردازی های قالیهای دستبافت لچک-ترنج یزد (نمونه موردی: موزه فرش ایران) A Study on the Structure and Patterns of Hand-woven Rugs Medallion Design-Corner of Yazd (Case Study: the Carpet Museum of Iran) ﻳﺰد از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﺑﺎﻓﻲ اﻳﺮان در ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰی ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ و ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻮﻳﺮی آن، ﻣﺮدم را از دﻳﺮﺑﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﻲ، ﺑﻪوﻳﮋه ﻗﺎﻟﻲﺑﺎﻓﻲ، ﺳﻮق داده اﺳﺖ. از اﻳﻦرو، ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از ﺑﺎورﻫﺎی ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ، رﺧﺪادﻫﺎی ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ، اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﭘﻴﺮاﻣﻮن و آدابورﺳﻮم ﻣﺮدم ﻳﺰد در ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎی دﺳﺖﺑﺎﻓﺖ آﻧﺎن ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎی ﻳﺰد از ﻃﺮحﻫﺎ و ﻧﻘﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ و ﻫﻮﻳﺖﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ و زﻣﻴﻨﻪای ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎی ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ-ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ و ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪای و ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﻧﻘﺶﭘﺮدازیﻫﺎی اﺻﻴﻞ ﻃﺮح »ﻟﭽﻚ-ﺗﺮﻧﺞ« در ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎی دﺳﺖﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻳﺰد ﻣﻲﭘﺮدازد. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺻﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻮزه ﻓﺮش اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺮﺳﺶ اﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎی ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎری و ﻧﻘﻮش راﻳﺞ و اﺻﻴﻞ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ و اﻗﻠﻴﻢ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻳﺴﺖﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﭼﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮی ﺑﺮ آنﻫﺎ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻃﺮح ﻟﭽﻚ-ﺗﺮﻧﺞ، ﺷﻴﻮه ﻧﻘﺶﭘﺮدازی و رﻧﮓآﻣﻴﺰی اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﮔﺮم، ﺧﺸﻚ و ﻛﻮﻳﺮی ﻳﺰد ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﻲ ﭼﻮن ﺷﺪت ﻧﻮر ﺧﻮرﺷﻴﺪ، ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﺑﺎرش، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺪود، ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﺑﺎﻓﻲ ﻫﻢﺟﻮار و ﺑﺎورﻫﺎی ﺑﻮﻣﻲ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ، در ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮی ﻧﻘﺶﻣﺎﻳﻪﻫﺎی ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، ﺟﺎﻧﻮری و ﻛﻴﻬﺎﻧﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻲﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮی داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ.   Yazd is one of the most important rug weaving centers in the central regions of Iran. Due to the geographical characteristics of the desert regions, the residents of Yazd quickly turned to traditional handicrafts - especially rug weaving; So, Some of the religious, historical, architectural, natural, and cultural beliefs of the people of Yazd are reflected in their hand-woven rugs. Hence, Yazd's hand-woven rugs have identifiable designs and patterns that can provide a good opportunity for rug researchers to study them. Accordingly, the main aim of this research is to evaluate the structure and describe the original patterns of Yazd hand-woven rugs in the well-known Medallion design-corner design. This research is descriptive-analytical and is based on library and field studies. The samples are three hand-woven Medallion design-corner rugs preserved in the Iranian Carpet Museum, which are more than 100 years old. The main question is what are the structural features, original motifs of the Medallion design-corner rugs? Also, what effect do geographical climate, environmental and cultural factors have on the aforementioned patterns? The results show that the Medallion design-corner design, the patterns, and even the color shades of the hand-woven rugs are related to the hot, dry, and desert geographical climate of Yazd. In addition, environmental factors (such as sunlight, low rainfall, vegetation …) and indigenous and religious beliefs - Zoroastrianism before Islam and then Islamism - have influenced the design structure and plant, animal, and cosmic motifs identified in Yazd hand-woven rugs. قالی دست‌بافت ایرانی,استان یزد,موزه فرش ایران,طرح لچک - ترنج Iranian Hand-woven Carpet,Yazd Province,Iran Carpet Museum, Lachak-Toranj design 85 96 http://tna.richt.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3926-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=14 Samera Salimpour Abkenar سامرا سلیم پور آبکنار s.salimpour@richt.ir Yes Traditional Arts Research Group, Research Institute of Cultural, Heritage, and Tourism گروه پژوهشی هنرهای سنتی- پژوهشگاه میراث فرهنگی و گردشگری